Selected Reference Materials

Barrows, Edward M. Animal behavior desk reference: a dictionary of animal behavior, ecology, and evolution, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001.
Ref. 591.503 B278a

Delson, Eric, ed. Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory, 2nd ed. New York: Garland Pub., 2000.
Ref. 599.938 E56o

Encyclopedia of human behavior. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.
Ref. 150.3 E560 v.1-4

Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale, 2004.
Ref. 590.3 G895a, v. 14
(See also other vols. for info. on specific types of primates.)

Grzimek's encyclopedia of mammals. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1990.
Ref. 599 G895e, v. 2

Lincoln, Roger J., Geoff Boxshall and Paul Clark. A dictionary of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Ref. 574.503 L738d

Pagel, Mark, ed. Encyclopedia of evolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Ref. 576.803 E56o v.1-2

Rowe, Noel. The pictorial guide to the living primates. East Hampton, NY: Pogonias Press, 1996.
Ref. 599.8 R879p

Spencer, Frank, ed. History of physical anthropology: an encyclopedia. New York : Garland Publishing, 1997.
Ref. 599.03 S745h v.1-2

Subject Headings

Using these Library of Congress Subject Headings in your searches will help you obtain more relevant information from databases and the library catalog:

Apes
Behavior evolution
Chimpanzees
Evolution (Biology)
Gorilla
Heredity, Human
Human beings--Effect of environment on
Human beings--Origin
Human evolution
Human population genetics
Orangutan
Primates
Primates--Anatomy
Primates--Behavior
Primates--Evolution
Primates -- Speciation
Primates -- Variation
Social behavior in animals

Finding Articles: Databases & Indexes

More relevant databases can be found at the Social Sciences Databases page: http://www.muhlenberg.edu/library/articles/databases/social_sciences.html
The online path to these database is: path: Finding Articles Databases & Indexes Social Sciences.

Specialized Databases

Anthropology Plus
Index to articles and essays in anthropological journals and books, from the late 19th century to the present, as maintained by the Tozzer Library of Harvard University and the Library of the British Museum Department of Ethnography.

GEOBASE
Covers books, monographs, conference proceedings and reports from worldwide literature on geography, geology, ecology, and paleontology. Coverage is from 1980 to the present.

PrimateLit
Provides access to the scientific literature on nonhuman primates for the research and educational communities. Coverage: 1940 to present. Features indexing for articles, books, abstracts, technical reports, dissertations, book chapters, etc., covering subject areas including: behavior, colony management, ecology, reproduction, field studies, disease models, veterinary science, psychology, physiology, pharmacology, evolution, taxonomy, developmental and molecular biology, genetics and zoogeography.

PsycINFO
This database provides indexing of scholarly journals which cover psychology and related disciplines published from 1887 to the present. Good for primate behavior.

Interdisciplinary Databases

Academic Search Premier
Large and diverse database that covers most academic disciplines, including Anthropology, Biology and Zoology. Contains both scholarly and non-academic resources. Includes many articles in full text, and features the following primatology journals:
• International journal of primatology. Full-Text from 02/01/1997 to 1 year ago.
• Journal of medical primatology. Full-Text from 02/01/1998 to 1 year ago.

OmniFile (Wilson)
Multi-disciplinary database providing the complete content-indexing, abstracts, and full text-from six of Wilson's full-text databases, including Social Sciences Abstracts. Also covers biology, paleontology, zoology and anthropology.

JSTOR
E-journal collection. Anthropology titles includes:

• Annual Review of Anthropology 1972-1998
• Biennial Review of Anthropology 1959-1971
• Anthropology Today 1985-1998
• RAIN 1974-1984
• Current Anthropology 1959-1999
• Yearbook of Anthropology 1955
• Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1995-1998
• Man 1901-1994
• Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1907-1965
• Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1872-1906
• Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1965-1973

Primate Books on Reserve in the Library

Species-focused:

Groves, Colin P. Primate taxonomy. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
• All species. Focuses on the history and development of every primate species.

Hamburg, David A. and Elizabeth R. McCown, eds. The Great apes. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., 1979.
• Chimpanzees, Gorillas, Orangutans, Behavioral information.

Hooton, Earnest Albert. Man's poor relations. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & company, inc., 1942.
• Chimpanzees, Gorillas, Orangutans, Gibbons, Baboons, Macques (Rhesus, Colobus and Proboscis Monkeys), Howlers, Spider Monkeys, Cebus Monkeys, Tarsiers, Lemurs, lots of information on habitat, behavior, breeding, etc...

Kappeler, Peter M. and Jorg U. Ganzhorn, eds. Lemur social systems and their ecological basis. New York : Plenum Press, c1993.
• Lemurs (all types).

Kavanagh, Michael. A complete guide to monkeys, apes and other primates. New York: Viking Press, 1984.
• Complements Walker’s Primates of the World. Takes a look at primates by species.

Kimbel, William H. and Lawrence B. Martin, eds. Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. New York : Plenum Press, 1993.
• Baboons, Lemurs, Squirrel Monkeys, Chimpanzees, includes other primates, and focuses on a bit more of the evolutionary biology of primates.

Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's primates of the world. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
• Features all species of primates, with information on physiology, diet, behavior, location, etc…

Parker, Sue Taylor, Robert W. Mitchell, and H. Lyn Miles, eds. The mentalities of gorillas and orangutans: comparative perspectives. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
• Gorillas, Orangutans.

Reynolds, Vernon. The apes: the gorilla, chimpanzee, orangutan, and gibbon; their history and their world. New York, Dutton, 1967.
• Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Orangutans, Gibbons.

Russon, Anne E. Orangutans : wizards of the rain forest. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2000.
• Orangutans.

Sleeper, Barbara. Primates : the amazing world of lemurs, monkeys, and apes. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 1997.
• Does not feature in-depth profiles of primates, but has excellent pictures of all primates.

Tuttle, Russell. Apes of the world : their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1986.
• Hylobatid Apes, Oranguans, Common Chimpanzees, Bonobos, Gorillas, all sorts of behavioral information.

Tuttle, Russell H. Socioecology and psychology of primates. Chicago : Aldine, 1975.
• Howling Monkey, Atelinae, Colobus, Toque, Macaca, Baboons, Apes, Chimpanzee, etc…

Waal, F. B. M. de. Bonobo : the forgotten ape. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997.
• Bonobos.

Topically-focused:

Luckett, W. Patrick and Frederick S. Szalay, eds. Phylogeny of the primates : a multidisciplinary approach. New York: Plenum Press, 1975.
• A strong source for a zoological and biological approach to primatology.

Morris, Desmond, ed. Primate ethology. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1967.
• Focuses on various aspects of primate behavior.

Preston-Mafham, Rod and Ken Preston-Mafham. Primates of the world. New York: Facts on File, 2002.
• Not much information on individual species, but has some excellent chapters on reproduction, child care, social behavior, food, habitat, ecology, etc…

Setchell, Joanna M. and Deborah J. Curtis, eds. Field and laboratory methods in primatology : a practical guide. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2003
• Excellent field guide for studying primates.

Simonds, Paul E. The social primates. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
• Topical approach to primates. Chapters on Grooming, Social Organizaiton, Sex, Use of Space, etc...

Strier, Karen B. Primate behavioral ecology, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2003.
• Topically-oriented (as opposed to species-oriented) textbook on primate behavior.

Williams, Leonard. Man and monkey. London: Deutsch, 1967.
• Focuses on monkey behavior.

Zuckerman, Solly. The social life of monkeys and apes, 2nd ed. Boston: Routledge & K. Paul, 1981.
• Very focused on behavior of primates, generally. Does discuss some monkeys and baboons.

Searching the WWW

FYI: Search Engines vs. Directories
Search engines like Google will "crawl" out on the web and link to a particular URL and then index all URLS that are linked to that page. Descriptions or annotations in these search engine catalogs are generated by the software.
Directories contain sites that have been selected and reviewed by people. A number of these directories provide their own annotations to sites, enhancing the information you will find about a site. Librarian's Index to the Internet is a good example of a directory.

The WWW offers us an opportunity to find information and data from all over the world. Because so much information is available and since that information can appear to be fairly "anonymous", it is necessary to develop skills to evaluate what you find. Since anyone can write a web page excellent resources exist along side the most dubious on the web. Below is a checklist of what you should look for on a web page before using it as a resource.

First look at the web suffixes:
.com indicates a commercial source. Beware of information slanted in favor of that company's product or industry.
.edu addresses originate from colleges and universities, but this includes students' homepages as well as the official institution.
.gov indicates a government agency. This kind of information is of an official nature and generally as accurate as can be expected.
.int international organizations like NATO.
.mil military organizations.
.net companies or organizations that run large networks.
.org indicates a non profit institution, which may provide useful information, but may be biased toward a particular viewpoint.

Interpreting the basics:
Accuracy -- who wrote the page, is the person qualified, can you contact them and what is the purpose?
Authority -- check the url of the document and look for credentials?
Objectivity -- what subjects/issues are covered, is the page biased, how detailed is the information, what opinions are expressed, and are the opinions stated as facts.
Currency -- how many dead links are there and is the information on the page outdated?
Coverage -- is it all images or a balance of text and images and is the information cited correctly?

Citing Your Sources

No matter where your information comes from, you always need to cite your sources. The following sources provide examples of how to cite a wide variety of types of materials in footnotes or a bibliography:

American Anthropological Association (AAA) Style Guide (Based on the Chicago Style)
http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm

The Chicago manual of style, 15th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003
Reference Desk Reserve 808.027 C632m

Using Chicago to cite online publications (Online!)
http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite7.html

The most frequently used citations have been compiled by the reference librarian on a webpage and handout. These can be found by following the path: Research Help Citation Guides.