William Gruen
Education
- Ph.D., Religious Studies, University of Pennsylvania
- M.A., Ancient History, University of Cincinnati
- B.A., Philosophy and Classical Studies, University of Kentucky
Teaching Interests
My courses approach religion as an academic discipline. Whether studying Christianity or comparing traditions more broadly, I ask students to develop the skills of a scholar of religion: the capacity to observe, analyze, and understand religious phenomena from a third-party perspective rather than a confessional one. This means learning to ask not “Is this right?” but “What does this practice reveal about the people and communities who engage in it?”
In my courses on Christianity, students examine the tradition’s origins in the ancient world and trace how those roots developed into the wide diversity of Christianities that exist today. My comparative courses take a broader view, treating religion and culture as windows into how human communities construct meaning, negotiate identity, and respond to fundamental questions about existence. In both cases, the real work is metacognitive: learning to recognize the assumptions you bring to an encounter with difference and to set them aside long enough to understand another community on its own terms.
These are transferable skills. The capacity to engage thoughtfully with unfamiliar worldviews serves students in any professional or civic context, not only in conversations about religion.
Research and Scholarship
My research examines how religious communities construct narratives about themselves; how they remember, misremember, and present their traditions to both insiders and the broader public. My scholarly work focuses on early Christianity, where communities often crafted histories that imagined themselves as the logical outcome of the past. By examining ancient texts and material remains carefully, we can peel back this narrative scaffolding and recover a more complex historical record. I am particularly interested in the processes by which some textual traditions were preserved while others were destroyed, and how this incomplete record shapes our understanding of Christian development.
This same dynamic (the construction and contestation of religious narrative) plays out in the present. As director of the Institute for Religious and Cultural Understanding, I host ReligionWise, a podcast featuring scholars and professionals examining religion’s place in public conversation, and WorldViews, a monthly series in which local religious leaders discuss their communities’ beliefs and practices in their own voices.
- Animals & the Sacred
- Christians and their Communities
- Religion & Popular Culture
- Religion Studies Independent Study/Research - Theory and Method
- Religion Studies Internship: Museum of the Bible
- Scrolls, Scribes, and Scriptures
- Paul C. Empie Memorial Award for Excellence in Teaching, 2024
- Crossette Family Faculty Fellowship for International Research, 2016
- Office of Disability Services Bridge Builder Award (2010, 2013, 2015)
- Summer Research Grant (2009, 2011, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2023)
- Religion Wise Podcast
- "Wild Christology: On Foxes, Birds, and the Son of Man" in Exploring Animal Hermeneutics, Arthur Walker-Jones and Suzanna Millar, eds. SBL Press (2024).
- "Roman Catacombs" in The Reception of Jesus in the First Three Centuries, Bloomsbury/T&T Clark (2019).
- "Contested Spaces and Contested Meanings in the Acts of Thomas" in Religion and Theology Vol. 20.3-4 (2014).
Jewish Studies
Religion Studies
Sustainability Studies
Contact: williamgruen@muhlenberg.edu